 Choline PC acts as a supplier of choline. Choline is now considered an essential nutrient, needed for cell membrane integrity and to facilitate the movement of fats in and out of cells.
It is also a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and is needed for normal brain functioning, particularly in infants.
Food Sources
Choline, the major constituent of PC, is found in soybeans, liver, oatmeal, cabbage, and cauliflower. Egg yolks, meat, and some vegetables contain PC. Lecithin (containing 10–20% PC) is added to many processed foods in small amounts, for the purpose of maintaining texture consistency.
Deficiency and Risk Symptoms
Although choline deficiencies have been artificially induced in people, little is known about human deficiency in the real world.
Recommended Dosage
Small amounts of choline are present in most B-complex and multivitamin supplements.
Contraindications
At several grams per day, some people will experience abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, or nausea. Supplementing straight choline (as opposed to phosphatidylcholine) in large amounts (over 1,000 mg per day) can lead to a fishy odor; PC does not have this effect.
The body uses both PC and pantothenic acid to form acetylcholine.
At the time of this writing, no evidence of drug interactions with lecithin/phosphatidyl choline/choline was found in the medical literature.
References:
1. Benjamin J, Levine J, Fux M, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of inositol treatment for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1084–6.
2. Dechent P, Pouwels PJW, Frahm J. Neither shor-term nor long-term administration of oral choline alters metabolite concentrations in human brain. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:406–11
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