DescriptionE-1000Antioxidant protectionDESCRIPTION E-1000 softgels, provided by Douglas Laboratories®, contain a vitamin E formula of natural d-alpha tocopherol which assures superior antioxidant protection.FUNCTIONS Vitamin E is one of the body?s most important antioxidant nutrients. Antioxidants protect healthy cells from oxidative and free radical damage. Free radicals are unstable chemicals formed in the body during metabolism and from exposure to environmental sources, such as air pollution and cigarette smoke. Free radicals are necessary for energy metabolism and immune function, but when an excessive number of free radicals are formed, they can attack healthy cells, especially their membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid. This, in turn, is thought to degrade the structure and function of healthy cellular components. Vitamin E is an especially valuable antioxidant in the cell membranes, where it prevents oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by trapping free radicals. This helps stabilize and protect cell membranes, especially red blood cells and tissues sensitive to oxidation, such as the lungs, eyes, and arteries. Vitamin E also protects the liver and other tissues from the freeradical damage of toxicants, such as mercury, lead, ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, cresol, and various drugs. Related to its antioxidant properties, vitamin E is important for normal immune function, and many studies show that it prevents lipid peroxidation of blood lipoproteins, such as LDLcholesterol. Vitamin E is the collective term for those eight compounds that have varying levels of vitamin E biological activity. These eight fat soluble compounds include the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta forms of tocopherol and tocotrienol. The most biologically active of this group is alpha tocopherol. Eight structural isomers of alpha tocopherol are possible, but only the d-alpha tocopherol (RRR-alpha tocopherol) occurs in nature. The other seven isomers have less nutritional activity, and are present only in synthetic vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopherol). Douglas Laboratories? E-1000 contains 1000 IU of the natural d-alpha tocopherol isomer of vitamin E. Intestinal absorption of vitamin E is associated with fat absorption. Some dietary fat must be present for efficient vitamin E absorption to occur. Studies show that natural d-alpha tocopherol is more efficiently absorbed and has significantly higher bioavailability than synthetic dl-alpha tocopherol. Once absorbed, vitamin E is transported into the circulatory system via chylomicrons, and then transferred to VLDL, LDL and HDL particles. Tissues slowly accumulate vitamin E from these plasma lipoproteins. Liver and adipose tissues have the highest concentrations, but muscle also accounts for a large proportion of vitamin E stores in the body.INDICATIONS E-1000 softgels may be a useful dietary supplement for those who wish to increase their daily intake of vitamin E in its potent, natural form.FORMULA (#7910)Each Softgel Contains: Product Vitamin E ................................................. 1000 I.U. (natural, as d-alpha Tocopherol) Data Douglas Laboratories®SUGGESTED USEAdults take 1 softgel daily or as directed by physician.SIDE EFFECTS No adverse effects have been reported.STORAGE Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct light. Keep out of reach of children.REFERENCES Ambrosone, CB, Freudenheim, JL, Thompson, PA, Bowman, E, (continued on reverse) Vena, JE, Marshall, JR, Graham, S, Laughlin, R, Nemoto, T, Shields, PG. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphisms, dietary antioxidants, and risk of breast cancer. Cancer Res 1999;59:602-6. Ascherio, A, Rimm, EB, Hernan, MA, Giovannucci, E, Kawachi, I, Stampfer, MJ, Willett, WC. Relation of consumption of vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids to risk for stroke among men in the United States. Ann Intern Med 1999;130:963-70. Brigelius-Flohe, R, Traber, MG. Vitamin E: function and metabolism. Faseb J 1999;13:1145-55. Chopra, RK, Bhagavan, HN. Relative bioavailabilities of natural and synthetic vitamin E formulations containing mixed tocopherols in human subjects. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1999;69:92-5. Fleshner, N, Fair, WR, Huryk, R, Heston, WD. Vitamin E inhibits the high-fat diet promoted growth of established human prostate LNCaP tumors in nude mice. J Urol 1999;161:1651-4. Fuller, CJ, Huet, BA, Jialal, I. Effects of increasing doses of alpha- tocopherol in providing protection of low-density lipoprotein from oxidation. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:231-3. Giugliano, D. Dietary antioxidants for cardiovascular prevention. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2000;10:38-44. Hoffman, RM, Garewal, HS. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation for men with existing coronary artery disease: A feasibility study. Prev Med 1999;29:112-8. Jacques, PF. The potential preventive effects of vitamins for cataract and age- related macular degeneration. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 1999;69:198-205. Jovanovic, SV, Simic, MG. Antioxidants in nutrition. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000;899:326-34. Meydani, SN, Meydani, M, Blumberg, JB, Leka, LS, Pedrosa, M, Diamond, R, Schaefer, EJ. Assessment of the safety of supplementation with different amounts of vitamin E in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;68:311-8.These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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